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The MANCA project is dedicated to advancing research on microplastics (MP) in geological environments through the partial employment of Dr. Manca Kovač Viršek. The project is the first step toward establishing a Microplastics Laboratory at the Geological Survey of Slovenia (GeoZS).

Among modern pollutants, microplastics are considered one of the most challenging substances due to the complexity of understanding their circulation within the geosphere and their transport through various geological media. Research on MP in the geosphere presents significant challenges, and the number of such studies is rapidly increasing. At GeoZS, we recognized the importance of this topic and initiated research focused on transport processes of MP in aquifers.

With the expertise of Dr. Kovač Viršek, we are connecting a group of researchers to develop methods for identifying the occurrence, transport, and origin of MP in the geosphere. The work program is currently focused on establishing a laboratory for MP (planning and equipment procurement), developing sampling methods, sample preparation, and analytical procedures—primarily for samples from aquatic environments. It also includes setting up MP analytics using a Raman spectrometer and launching an experimental tracer test in the unsaturated zone.

Due to the expected low concentrations of MP and the increasing number of particles with decreasing size, new advanced technologies have been implemented in sampling and analysis procedures. These technologies will also support the development of future standards. A particular challenge is sample preparation, where contamination during sampling, processing, and analysis poses a major issue. This aspect receives special attention globally.

The project contributes to the strategic goals of GeoZS and supports the implementation of the United Nations Agenda 2030 and the European Green Deal.

Project Phases and Implementation

Coordination of Research at GeoZS

• Connecting researchers from various geological disciplines.

• Preparing a joint research program on microplastics.

Establishment of the Microplastics Laboratory

• Planning the laboratory space and purchasing equipment.

• Setting up a temporary lab for sample preparation.

Development of Sampling Methods

• Designing a sampler for groundwater.

• Obtaining a Slovenian patent (P-202300155) and submitting an EU patent application (EP24217168.4).

• Conducting groundwater sampling using cascade filtration.

Sample Preparation

• Developing protocols for processing samples with various filter sizes.

• Preventing contamination during sampling and analysis through precise procedures and modern technologies.

Microplastics Analytics

• Installation of a Raman spectrometer.

• Training users and developing protocols for MP analysis.

Experimental Work

• Constructing lysimeters to determine MP transport parameters in the unsaturated zone.

Mentorship and Capacity Building

• Co-mentoring Elvira Colmenarejo in her doctoral studies.

• Practical training in MP identification.

Project Applications

• Participation in ARIS project proposals.

Selected Bibliography

Publications resulting from the project:

COLMENAREJO CALERO, Elvira, KOVAČ VIRŠEK, Manca, MALI, Nina. Microplastics in groundwater: pathways, occurrence, and monitoring challenges. Water, 2024, vol. 16, no. 9. DOI: 10.3390/w16091228 [COBISS.SI-ID 194725635]

KOVAČ VIRŠEK, Manca et al. GWMicroPlast project – researching microplastics in groundwater.
EGU General Assembly 2024, DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu24-16845 [COBISS.SI-ID 195436547]

COLMENAREJO CALERO, Elvira et al. Microplastics pollution in groundwater: case study – Slovenia.
EGU General Assembly 2024, DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu24-15458 [COBISS.SI-ID 195437315]

In preparation:
A scientific article in the form of a video protocol on the method of sampling MP in groundwater using a custom-designed sampler. Planned publication in the Journal of Visualized Experiments.